/`Րՠ @@@ @@@@nnVZldpհ EN DB      & .M / . GZl cg  S   7'` k @| 7     ;  I E^  {'W:xh  F _  w 02Cn Jones19991' Jones2001 Jones2004Julkunen19770 Keizer2003 Kellogg2000S Kellogg2002 Kelly2001 Kennedy2002 Kerssen-Griep1997yKettunen2003 Kiesler2005v Kim2001 Kinney1999} Kiousis20039 Kirschner2003q Klimt2004= Klimt2004> Klimt2004 Koehler20058 Kosic20052 Koski2005[ Kraut2001  Kraut20049 Kreijns2003Krishnamoorthy20057 Kruger2005 Kwan20022 Kypri2003: Kypri20048 Lackland Sam2005S Laff2002 Lam20021 Lane2004?pLangford2004: Lantz2003/Lavizzo-Mourey2001w Leary19986 Leary1999u Leary2001A Leary2004 Lee20055 Leik198895 Leik19889T Lenhart20043 Lennes2002< Lewis2004 Lieberman2003T Liu2002 Lockridge20069 Loh2005I Luce1991< Luhmann1994^ Luker2000cLuscombe2001 Mann200208Mannetti2005 Manusov1997D Mark20042C Mark2005_ Markey2000 Martin2000) Martinson2004Massoudi2003# Matarazzo1978 Mattila2003 Matzler2005 Mauriello1999Mazeland1985}McDevitt2003H McLaughlin1982 McMahon2003oMcMillan1999Milliken2003 Mitra2002Y Moreo2001 Moss2002 Mostow1997 Mount2003  Murphy2003p Murphy2003X Nah2004w Negel1998U Negroponte1994WNewhagen2004B Newman20057 Ng20052n Nguyen2004] Nie2000J Nowotny1997o Nunamaker Jr.2004j Nunamaker Jr.2005 O'Brien1996 O'Leary2003O OED1989\ Olson2000\ Olson2000 Olson2002 Olson2002 Olson2002 Olson2002 Olson2004 Olthof19979Oostdijk2006Z Ortet2002ROrthmann2000Pagnucci1999K PalmOne2004S Panteli2004{ Park199417 Parker2005M Patrick2004L Patterson2004 Pechlaner2005 Pereira2005Z Peris2002tPhillips2002 Pickering2003 Pieters2005Z Pinazo2002P Pitkin2002 Pittam1997 Planalp1981^ Popolov2000 Poropatich2002sj Porter19988 Porter20000V Porter2005B Postmes2003A Potter2003n Potter2004Q Poyatos1983P Poyatos2002Y Pppel2004 Pratap20022 Pycock1996c Qian2001~ Rabold20032b Rafaeli1988e Rafaeli1997 Rafaeli1999' Rafaeli2001 Rafaeli2004R Ramirez Jr.2002 Randall1998 Rascoe20055' Ravid2001 Ravid2004/ Raziano2001 Reigel19979 Reis20050w Richardson2004 Rintel1997d Riva1997 Roberts2002` RoCRM2003 Rosenthal1998/ Rossi1977 Rossi1978 Roth20052 Rovai2002a Rubinstein2004 Ruiter20060l Sacks1978j Samovar1998Z Sanchiz2002q Sargis2006ESaville-Troike1985t Scealy20026Schaefer1998Scheflen1982p Schegg2003l Schegloff1978m Schmitz1994n Scott1993 Scott2000 Seibold2004 Seltzer1974v Sharkey20014 Sheehan1999o Sheehan1999 Sheikh2004T Shiu2004g Sidner19969 Sinift1998q Skitka2006 Smith1999L Smith2002 Smith2003s Smith2004u Snapp2001 Sommer20010wSpringer1998rStafford2004j Stefani1998 Stegge19979g Stellin2001i Stellin2003t Stevenson2002 Stevenson2003 Stillwell1990 Stillwell1997k Strate1995. Strauss2001eSudweeks1997R Sunnafrank20022 Sutton2003 Swan20010 Tan2003L Tang20020C Tang20030F Tang20033B Tanis2003E Tannen1985Thompson2000<Thompson2004z Tidwell1995 Tidwell2002Triplett19991 Trumbg2000x Tse1998 Tu2002yTuominen2003 Tuten2005 Twenge2003o Twitchell2004j Twitchell2005F Tyler2003 Tynan2002Valacich1999/ Valenzula2001 Van Der Meij2002 Van Der Meij2005 Vangelisti2000 Veinott2002n Vigas2004 Voss2000 Voss2000 Vronay1999}Wahl-Jorgensen2003! Walker20030 Walsum20055} Walther1992{ Walther1994z Walther1995f Walther1996 Walther2001R Walther2002 Walther2002 Walther2002 Walther20049 Walther2005 Walther2005Y Warde2001 Watts2002 Watts2005_ WebSM2006 Wegerif2005~ Weilhammer2003/ Weiner20010 Wentz2002VWhitcomb2005g Whittaker1996 Wiemann1984# Wiens1978j Wiers2005-Wiersema2003+ Wildemuth2004Williams2000Williams2002Williams20033wWilliams20040sWilliams2004Williams2005 Wilson1984 Wilson20011, Wilson20033A Winkel20044Wittmann2005S Wolf2002 Wolf20052 Wolfe1999Wolfe Morrison2003i Woodworth2005Wooffitt19989 Wotman19909 Wright2002< Wuensch2004q Yang20044= Yang20044> Yang20044 Yang20050L Yankelovich2002 Yechiam2002 Yener2005 Young2000Youngblood Sales20021 Yun2000 Yusuf2003w Zadro2004T Zelhart2002 Zerubavel1985 Zheng2002k Zhou2005 Zimmerman1984 Zolten20010011984 Zolten2001 Zolten2001Scealy20026Schaefer1998Scheflen1982̪ Scott2000 Seibold2004 Seltzer1974X Sharkey20014 Sheehan1999 Sheikh2004g Sidner19969 Sinift1998̫ Smith1999L Smith2002 Smith2003W Snapp2001 Sommer20010 Stegge19979Steven R. Aragon2003̋ Stevenson2002 Stevenson2003 Stillwell1990 Stillwell1997. Strauss2001eSudweeks1997R Sunnafrank20022 Sutton2003 Swan20010 Tan2003L Tang20020C Tang20030B Tanis2003Thompson2000<Thompson2004̒ Tidwell2002Triplett19991 Trumbg2000 Tu2002 Tuten2005 Twenge2003o Twitchell2004j Twitchell2005 Tynan2002Valacich1999/ Valenzula2001 Van Der Meij2002̼ Van Der Meij2005n Vigas2004̫ Vronay1999}Wahl-Jorgensen2003! Walker20030 Walsum20055f Walther1996 Walther2001R Walther2002 Walther2002 Walther20029 Walther2005Y Warde2001 Watts2002 Watts2005 Wegerif2005/ Weiner20010 Wentz2002g Whittaker1996# Wiens1978j Wiers2005Wiersema2003Wiersema2003? Wildemuth2004+ Wildemuth2004Williams2000̙Williams2002̀Williams20033Williams20033wWilliams20040  Wilson20011 Wilson20033A Winkel20044Wittmann2005S Wolf2002 Wolf20052Wolfe Morrison2003i Woodworth2005Wooffitt19989 Wotman19909 Wright2002< Wuensch2004q Yang20044 Yang20050L Yankelovich2002 Yechiam2002 Yener2005Youngblood Sales20021 Yun2000 Yusuf2003w Zadro2004T Zelhart2002k Zhou2005̡ Zolten2001;,15!3%>8.92740:<?@GE)+*NIFP $-YV" ('[#&/\ AuthorsTJournals lKeywords Q                               ; 6 H Abbott, K.C. Abfalter, D.Adamic, Lada A. Aist, GregoryAlexander, Cheryl S. Alger, DavidAlves, Wayne M. Anderson, J F Andrew, J.E. Angus, V.C. Ansell, E. Anttila, H Aragon, S RAragon, Steven R Atkeson, C.G. Avrahami, D. Ballard, D.I. Banaji, M. Baron, N.S.Baron, Naomi S Barron, G.Baumeister, R.F.Becker, Henry Jay Begole, J. Begole, J.B.Benfield, Greg Benson, J.M. Bergus, G.R.Berman, Dennis K Blair, Johnny Blitzer, John Boersma, K. Boll, H Boneva, B. Bos, N. Bosch, L ten Bosnjak, M. Bosse, R. Bowers, John Boyd, D. Brady, P T Brady, P. T. Brady, P.T.Braithwaite, D. Brake, DaviBrashears, Todd Brennan, S EBrennan, Susan E. Brown, K Bruckman, A. Bruneau, TJ Buckley, K.E. Bunz, U. Burgess, A. Burgoon, J.K.Burmeister, L.F. C?ech, C.G.Callaghan, MichaelCameron, Deborah Camic, P.M. Cappella, J N Car, J.Carley, Kathleen Carrero, V.Cashell-Smith, M.L.Catanese, K.R. Cech, C.G.Chambers, by J. K.Chapanond, AnuratChenault, Brittney GCheung, C.K.T. Choi, W.Chou, C. Candace Chu, S.Y.Cialdini, R.B.Ciarocco, N.J. Clarke, M. Claycomb, C. Cobanoglu, C. Cody, M J Cohen, J.Coleman, Marilyn Condon, S.L. Cook, C. Cope, J.G.Cottrell, Catherine A.Couchman, G.R. Couper, M.Couper, Mick P. Cramton, C.D. Croker, V.Cruickshank, M. Culpeper, J. Curry, L.Danchak, Michael M. David, F. Davis, Martha Dawson, R. Dawson, RJDe Groen, P.C.de Lusignan, S. De Vries, B. Denk, C.E. Dennis, A.R.Dennis, Alan R.DeVito, Joseph A DeWitt, D. Diesner, Jana Diggs, R.C.DiGuiseppi, C. Dillman, D.A. Donath, J. Dourish, Paul Dredze, MarkDrucker, StevenDucheneaut, N. Duran, R.L.Edelman, Benjamin edirectory Edwards, J. Edwards, P.Eisenberger, N.I. Ekker, Knut Emery, J. Emslie, M.J.Entwistle, V.A. Epley, N. Erickson, T Erickson, T. Evans, K.FALLOWS, DEBORAHFeldstein, StanleyFerguson, T.J. Finch, JanetFisher, DanyelFletcher, J.C. Floyd, K. Fogarty, J. Forgas, J P Forjuoh, S.N. Forlizzi, J. Forsgren, N.Franklin, GiovanniFrantz, Terrill Fraze, Steve Frohlich, D.Fussell, S. R.Galimberti, C.Gallagher, S.J.Ganong, Lawrence Garvey, A.J. Gergle, D. Gerstein, M. Gifford, Greg Gimeno, M.A. Ginther, D.Goldberg, Debra SGonzalez, V.M.Gonzlez, V.M. Goodwin, C Goorha, S. Govan, C.L. Granka, L.Greenspan, Robyn Griffin, EmGrossnickle, W.F.Group, Customer RespectGuadagno, R.E.Guerrero, Laura K Guguen, N. Gurney, K.N.Haberle-Delmonico, Dayna Hall, E T Halverson, C.Hamilton, HeidiHamilton, Michael Braun Hancock, J.T. Hardin, KellyHarewood, G.C.Harper, Robert G Harris, J.  |l4.ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction("Acta Neurobiologiae ExperimentalisActa SociologicaAlcohol and Alcoholism American Behavioral Scientist$ American Journal of Epidemiology($American Journal of GastroenterologyAmerican Psychologist American Sociological Review Annual Review of Psychology($Behaviour and Information Technology Bell System Technical Journal BMC Health Services Research,)British Journal of Educational TechnologyBritish Medical Journal41Business Strategy Review Business Strategy Review CMC MagazineCommunication EducationCommunication ResearchCommunications of the ACM40Computational & Mathematical Organization TheoryComputers and Composition Computers in Human BehaviorContemporary PhysicsCurrent Anthropology Cyberpsychology and BehaviorDominoPower Magazine Drug and Alcohol Dependence,)Educational and Psychological MeasurementEHLITE Magazine Emergency Medicine Journal English for Specific PurposesEthics Inf Technol(%European Journal of Social PsychologyFamily Practice GerontologistGroup Dynamics Human Communication Research Human-Computer Interaction("IEEE Engineering Management Review4/IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication Information and OrganizationInformation Society Information Systems ResearchInformation Week4/International Journal of Hospitality Management83International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction4/International Journal of Information Management40International Journal of Intercultural Relations,(International Journal of Market Research0,International Journal of Medical Informatics40International Journal of Public Opinion Research Internet and Higher Education,&Interpersonal Computing and Technology Journal of Advanced Nursing$Journal of Advertising Research Journal of Business ResearchJournal of Communication0*Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,)Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Journal of Family Practice$ Journal of Interactive Marketing,&Journal of Interactive Online Learning,)Journal of Language and Social Psychology Journal of Management Studies$Journal of Marriage and Family Journal of Molecular Biology$Journal of Official Statistics(#Journal of Organizational Computing0,Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyJournal of Pragmatics0,Journal of Social and Personal Relationships0-Journal of Systems and Information Technology0+Journal of the American Medical Association$ Journal of the Learning Sciences Language and Communication,(Library and Information Science ResearchManaging Service QualityMilitary MedicinehcNew Directions for Adult and Continuing Education New Directions for Adult and Continuing EducationNew German CritiqueNew Ideas in PsychologyNew Media and SocietyOmegaOrganization Science Pediatrics,&Personality and Individual Differences0*Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin PoeticsPolitical PsychologyLHProceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work<9Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Visual InterfacesPsychological InquiryPsychology and Marketing$Psychonomic Bulletin and ReviewPublic Opinion Quarterly Qualitative Social Research Quarterly Journal of Speech ScienceSmall Group Research$Social Science Computer ReviewSocial Science Research Sociology$!The American Journal of Sociology("The Bell Systems Technical Journal The Journal of CommunicationTourism ManagementWired.N* 1"$\VY&) !!I 2).+:#/' ['E@8\(*&-* /@/[9-+[%%3,5>3,%,3%535N"2%!298988.!99  QqAcculturation strategiesAdversarial discourse Affinity Assimilation-contrast theoryAsynchronous influence$Asynchronous learning networksAttention managementAttitude accessibility AttributionAttribution theory Author Keywords: Discourse Awareness behaviorBioinformaticsBystander intervention Chronemics ClosenessCMCCognitive load Collaboration College CommunicationCommunication mediaCommunication technology Complexity Compliance Composition$Computer communication networks$Computer mediated communicationComputer networks(#Computer supported cooperative work Computer-assisted instruction$Computer-mediated communication(%Computer-mediated communication (CMC)$Computer-mediated-communication,)Computer-supported collaborative learning(#Computer-supported cooperative work Connectedness Consciousness ConsultationContext-aware computingConversational inference CooperationCSCW CueingCuesCustomer satisfactionCustomer service centers Cyberspace DeceptionDeception behaviordecision developmentDecision supportDemocratization design DiffusionDiffusion of innovations Dilemma DiscourseDiscourse analysisDiscourse styleDispersed collaboration'Dispersed teamsDistributed work DrinkingDuration of messaging E-mailE-mail contact EgocentrismElectronic communicationElectronic complaintsElectronic mail EloquenceEmail Embarrassment Embarrassors EmotionEmpirical studyEmployee productivityEmployee training EServiceESLEthos Etiquette Evolution FamiliarityFamily physiciansFamily practiceFoot-in-the-doorForeign studentsFrequency of messaging Gender GenomicsGPsGroup calendaring Groups Health survey HelpingHelping behaviorHigher education Human-computer interaction Hurt feelings IdentityIdentity constructionIM ImmigrantsImpression development informationInformation exchangeInformation overloadInformation sharingInstant messagingInstant messaging (IM)N<gn~_. WebSMl 2006 Nonresponsen 2006March 21Bibliographic units in this category are discussing measuring, preventing and correcting nonresponse, including item, partial and unit nonresponse in online survey research.p82http://websm.org/index.php?fl=0&p1=&p2=&p3=&id=126K Weilhammer S Rabold 2003(!Durational Aspects in Turn Takingn ICPhSs Barcelona, SpainOn the basis of headset microphone multichannel dialogue recordings we show that pause and overlap durations are Gaussian distributed, when projected on a logarithmic scale. This implicitly challenges Sacks, Schegloff and Jeffersons principle: Minimize gap and overlap. We compare turn taking patterns of the languages German, American English and Japanese and calculate time constants that might be relevant for the design of automatic dialogue management systems.ZThttp://www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/Mitarbeiter/rabold/WeilhammerRabold-03-ICPhS.pdf 1996HBEmail overload: exploring personal information management of emailD>Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings276-2831996///g& Whittaker, Steve Sidner, CandaceJCEmail is one of the most successful computer applications yet devised. Our empirical data show however, that although email was originally designed as a communications application, it is now being used for additional functions, that it was not designed for, such as task management and personal archiving. We call this email overload. We demonstrate that email overload creates problems for personal information management: users often have cluttered inboxes containing hundreds of messages, including outstanding tasks, partially read documents and conversational threads. Furthermore, user attempts to rationalise their inboxes by filing are often unsuccessful, with the consequence that important messages get overlooked, or 'lost' in archives. We explain how email overloading arises and propose technical solutions to the problem.hJDTY - CONF Cited By: 11, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopus 2000@:Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the internet2,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology795d748-7622000///,&Williams, K.D. Cheung, C.K.T. Choi, W.Ostracism is such a widely used and powerful tactic that the authors tested whether people would be affected by it even under remote and artificial circumstances. In Study 1, 1,486 participants from 62 countries accessed the authors' on-line experiment on the Internet. They were asked to use mental visualization while playing a virtual tossing game with two others (who were actually computer generated and controlled). Despite the minimal nature of their experience, the more participants were ostracized, the more they reported feeling bad, having less control, and losing a sense of belonging. In Study 2, ostracized participants were more likely to conform on a subsequent task. The results are discussed in terms of supporting K. D. Williams's (1997) need threat theory of ostracism.JCTY - JOUR Cited By: 32, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus 2002HBInvestigations into differences between social- and cyberostracismGroup Dynamics61 65-772002///NGWilliams, K.D. Govan, C.L. Croker, V. Tynan, D. Cruickshank, M. Lam, A.n& This article presents 4 studies examining the impact of being ignored and excluded via computer-mediated communication (CMC). The focus is the differences between social- and cyberostracism. Study 1 replicated K. D. Williams, C. K. T. Cheung, and W. Choi's (2000) cyberostracism experiment, which showed negative consequences of being ostracized in a virtual ball toss game. Studies 2 and 3 examined ostracism in a chat room environment, again showing negative consequences of ostracism, even when compared with negatively charged inclusion. Study 4 directly compared responses to CMC with face-to-face (or social) ostracism. Results suggest that whereas both modes of ostracism are aversive, aspects of CMC provide targets with "virtual bravado" that might buffer negative effects of cyberostracism.HBTY - JOUR Cited By: 6, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: ScopusyP Tuominen U Kettunen 2003RKTo fade or not to fade? That is the question in customer relationships, too1Managing Service Quality132d112-123uIn the services literature, there is a significant lack of studies that focus on the phase preceding the ending of a relationship - that is, the phase during which there is a weakening of a customer relationship. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the fading process of customer relationships in the service industry. First, it aims to discover empirical triggers for the fading of customer relationships. Second, it aims to identify dimensions of fading in customer relationships and to reveal underlying elements in these dimensions. Third, it aims to disclose the main critical risk elements of fading in customer relationships in specific fading groups. A mail survey is conducted in one case company in the service industry. The data are reduced by means of factor, discriminant, and classification analysis. Dimensions of fading in customer relationships include alliance partners, personal telephone services, technical support services, and award points.ZShttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/108/2003/00000013/00000002/art00004#availr 2003}Social Exclusion and the Deconstructed State: Time Perception, Meaninglessness, Lethargy, Lack of Emotion, and Self-Awareness2,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology853w409-423c2003///n2,Twenge, J.M. Catanese, K.R. Baumeister, R.F.NGThe authors hypothesize that socially excluded individuals enter a defensive state of cognitive deconstruction that avoids meaningful thought, emotion, and self-awareness, and is characterized by lethargy and altered time flow. Social rejection led to an overestimation of time intervals, a focus on the present rather than the future, and a failure to delay gratification (Experiment 1). Rejected participants were more likely to agree that "Life is meaningless" (Experiment 2). Excluded participants wrote fewer words and displayed slower reaction times (Experiments 3 and 4). They chose fewer emotion words in an implicit emotion task (Experiment 5), replicating the lack of emotion on explicit measures (Experiments 1-3 and 6). Excluded participants also tried to escape from self-awareness by facing away from a mirror (Experiment 6).HBTY - JOUR Cited By: 7, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: ScopusprPprPCech, C.G. Condon, S.L.g 2004jdTemporal properties of turn-taking and turn-packaging in synchronous computer-mediated communicationLEProceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences37 1703-17122004///Turn structure and timing are examined in a variety of quasi-synchronous computer-mediated interfaces. The message window size, presence of scrolling, a single message window vs. message windows for each participant, and message persistence were systematically varied for pairs of interlocutors engaged in the same decision-making task. Participants produced more total words and more turns in conditions with larger windows and in those with scrolling, while separate windows conditioned even larger increases on these measures. Turn sizes were smaller in the latter conditions and response times were faster. In the persistent separate-window conditions, messages from the partner intervened before participants completed responses in over half of the messages.iHBTY - CONF Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus>7Chapanond, Anurat Krishnamoorthy, Mukkai Yener, Blent. 2005@9Graph Theoretic and Spectral Analysis of Enron Email Data560Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory113w265-281. 2005/10//?Analysis of social networks to identify communities and model their evolution has been an active area of recent research. This paper analyzes the Enron email data set to discover structures within the organization. The analysis is based on constructing an email graph and studying its properties with both graph theoretical and spectral analysis techniques. The graph theoretical analysis includes the computation of several graph metrics such as degree distribution, average distance ratio, clustering coefficient and compactness over the email graph. The spectral analysis shows that the email adjacency matrix has a rank-2 approximation. It is shown that preprocessing of data has significant impact on the results, thus a standard form is needed for establishing a benchmark data. TY - JOUR\Vhttp://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s10588-005-5381-4Brittney G Chenault  1998ZSDeveloping personal and emotional relationships via computer-mediated communication- CMC Magazine Mayu ?????C. Candace ChouS 2002ngA Comparative Content Analysis of Student Interaction in Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning Networksa>735th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Hawaii IEEEInteraction plays an important role to the success of distance learning. As most distance learning environments utilize mainly asynchronous Computer- Mediated Communication (CMC) systems, interaction research that focuses on synchronous CMC is largely ignored. This study scrutinize the patterns of learnerlearner interaction in a distance-learning environment. Student interactions in synchronous and asynchronous CMC systems were both compared. Results of the research suggest that constructivist-based instructional activities, such as student-moderated discussion and small group cooperative learning, are conducive to interaction. Overall, a higher percentage of socialemotional interactions occurred in synchronous mode than occur in asynchronous mode. Students spent more time in task-oriented interaction in asynchronous discussions than in synchronous mode. In moderating online seminars, student moderators that followed the guideline of Student-Centered Discussions (SCD) could encourage full participation of online seminar. Recommendations on the design of instructional activities and interactive interfaces were also made for the improvement of distance-learning environments.x EB 20032+Social cues and impression formation in CMCJournal of Communication534 676-6932003///uTanis, M. Postmes, T.YSocial consequences of communication technology are based on widespread assumptions regarding effects of restricted capacity of mediated communication. Consequences are examined mostly in studies comparing face-to-face communication with various forms of mediated communication, confounding the availability of cues with other of characteristics of media. Present research examines effects of restricted capacity to convey social cues independent of other differences between media. Assumptions are that limited capacity to convey social cues has negative consequences for the reduction of ambiguity and positivity of impressions, and limited capacity has particular social consequences. The first part of this assumption is confirmed in 3 studies. However, consequences of this limitation to convey social cues are less straightforward. The effect of limited capacity on the selecting of collaboration partners depends on the social identity of the parties involved.eJCTY - JOUR Cited By: 3, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopusi*$Deborah Tannen Muriel Saville-Troike 1985Perspectives on Silenceo Westport, Connecticut Greenwood Publishing Group 0893912557TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Introduction OVERVIEW: THE NATURE AND STUDY OF SILENCE The Pace of Silence in an Integrated Theory of Communication PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF PAUSING The Machine Stops: Silence in the Metaphor of Malfunction Psychological Correlates of Silence and Sound in Conversational Interaction The Two Faces of Silence: The Effect of Witness Hesitancy on Lawyers' Impressions Some Reasons for Hesitating SOME MEANINGS AND USES OF SILENCE Silence: Anything But Joyful Noise and Reverent Silence: The Significance of Noise in Pentecostal Worship Silence and Sulking: Emotional Displays in the Classroom SILENCE IN CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Silence and Noise as Emotion Management Styles: An Italian Case Eloquent Silence Among the Igbo of Nigeria The Silent Finn SILENCE AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Interaction Structured Through Talk and Interaction Structured Through silence' Some Uses of Gesture APPENDIX A Sampling of Sources on Silence Author Index Subject Index 2002Computer-Mediated Communication Effects on Disclosure, Impressions, and Interpersonal Evaluations Getting to Know One Another a Bit at a Time"Human Communication Research283u317-348d2002///u"Tidwell, L.C. Walther, J.B.eThis investigation examined how computer-mediated communication (CMC) partners exchange personal information in initial interactions, focusing on the effects of communication channels on self-disclosure, question-asking, and uncertainty reduction. Unacquainted individuals (N = 158) met either face-to-face or via CMC. Computer-mediated interactants exhibited a greater proportion of more direct and intimate uncertainty reduction behaviors than unmediated participants did, and demonstrated significantly greater gains in attributional confidence over the course of the conversations. The use of direct strategies by mediated interactants resulted in judgments of greater conversational effectiveness by partners. Results illuminate some microstructures previously asserted but unverified within social information processing theory (Walther, 1992), and extend uncertainty reduction theory (Berger & Calabrese, 1975) to CMC interaction.JCTY - JOUR Cited By: 21, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus A C B Tse 1998zComparing the response rate, response speed and response quality of two methods of sending questionnaires: e-mail vs. mail.(International Journal of Market Research404353-361 2002>7The impacts of text-based CMC on online social presencet,&Journal of Interactive Online Learning122002/// Tu, C.-H.*$Social presence is a critical influence on learners' online social interaction in an online learning environment via computer-mediated communication (CMC) systems. This study examines how three CMC systems, e-mail, bulletin board, and real-time discussion, influence the level of online social presence and privacy. Mixed methods were applied to examine the relationships of three CMC systems with social presence and privacy. The results indicate (a) E-mail is perceived to possess the highest level of social presence, followed by the real-time discussion and bulletin board; (b) one-to-one e-mail was perceived to have a higher level of privacy while one-to-many was perceived less privacy; and (c) in addition to the attributes of CMC systems, learners' perceptions of CMC systems impacted level of privacy as well. This study suggested that the format of CMC systems, e-mail and real-time discussion should be examined in two different formats: one-to-one e-mail, one-to-many e-mail, one-to-one real-time discussion, and many-to-many real-time discussion.JCTY - JOUR Cited By: 1, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: ScopusFJ R Tyler J C Tang 2003LFWhen Can I Expect an Email Response? A Study of Rhythms in Email Usage ECSCW 2003A study of email responsiveness was conducted to understand how the timing of responding to email messages conveys useful information. Interviews and observations explored users' perceptions of how they responded to email and formed expectations of others' responses to them. We identified ways in which users maintain and cultivate a responsiveness image for projecting expectations about their email response. We also discuss other contextual cues for responsiveness, including using tools such as the calendar and phone, accounting for the amount of work time overlap available, and establishing a pacing between email correspondents. These cues help users develop a sense of when to expect a response and when breakdown has occurred requiring further action.Bhttp://bbproject.tripod.com/publications/GenderInteraction.pdf6 2003haShades of silence: Emerging themes and future directions for research on silence in organizations$Journal of Management Studies406 1563-15682003///(!Milliken, F.J. Wolfe Morrison, E.HBTY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus 2002PJTheorizing cyberspace: The idea of voice applied to the internet discourseNew Media and Society44479-4982002///Mitra, A. Watts, E..This article offers the idea of voice as a way to think of cyberspace and the internet. It is argued that web pages represent the presence of individuals and institutions representing what they have to say. Consequently, we would argue that a robust construct such as voice might offer an unique theoretical lens through which to examine the internet and cyberspace phenomenon. This article argues that cyberspace can be conceptualized as a discursive space, and calls for a textual/discursive/rhetorical analysis focusing on the eloquence of representation as a principal means by which people and institutions voice themselves in this space.c:4Discourse Eloquence Ethos Internet Power Space VoiceHBTY - JOUR Cited By: 2, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus 20024.Use of electronic surveys in course evaluation0)British Journal of Educational Technology335583-592s2002///RMoss, J. Hendry, G.sThe growth of e-Universities and flexible delivery in higher education may also lead to increased use of electronic course evaluation methods. The effectiveness and methodology of electronic surveys are discussed. In the graduate-entry, problem-based University of Sydney Medical Program extensive use is made of web technologies for curriculum delivery and evaluation. The design and response rates for web-based "End of Year" student evaluation surveys in the medical program are reported for the period 1997-2001. To be used successfully in course evaluation, online surveys should be infrequent, short, simply designed and free from password access, and de-identified results should be displayed to students on their completion of a survey.JCTY - JOUR Cited By: 2, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopus6w: p1 Derek R Lane 2004?kFunction and Impact of Nonverbal Communication in a Computer Mediated Communication Context: An Investigation of Defining Issues University of Oklahoma 2004June 30The purpose of this paper is to examine nonverbal communication within the specific context of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and thereby illustrate the four defining issues by which nonverbal communication is differentiated from nonverbal behavior. Three major sections delineate the framework of this paper. The first section describes the theoretical and empirical bases of nonverbal communication which address the four defining issues: (a) intent and awareness, (b) issues of meaning, (c) sharedness, and (d) codification which distinguish nonverbal communication from nonverbal behavior. The second section will describe computer-mediated communication (CMC) as a metatheoretical framework for understanding a specific conceptualization (message orientation) of nonverbal communication. The final section will illustrate how nonverbal communication can been studied in a computer-mediated communication context.|vhttp://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/kraut/www/RKraut.site.files/articles/kraut03-PsychologicalResearchOnline.pdf 2004 Surf's upu("IEEE Engineering Management Review324134-1352004///Langford, L.K.Businesses can not only maximize customer care but also increase client retention by reaching beyond speculation and the sounds of customer silence. As best practices continue to evolve, the changing pulse of Customer Relations Management (CRM) can be researched with confidence on the Internet. Web services are now available that offer useful tools for identifying unmet customer needs and practical tips for boosting satisfaction and loyalty levels.HBTY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus 2003.(Does the use of e-mail change over time?:3International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction0153n419-431S2003/// Lantz, A.n&Many empirical studies of the use of e-mail have been performed, butlongitudinal studies are not common. In this article a longitudinal study is presented, with data collected during 1994, 1995, and 1998. The research question was as follows: How does the use of e-mail change over time concerning problems experienced with e-mail, the flow of messages, and time to handle mail (i.e., to send and receive a response)? Results show that the flow of messages was stable (sent mail per day) or doubled (received messages per day). Time to handle mail was stable over the 5 years, but the experienced amount of time to handle mail changed from not being sufficient to sometimes sufficient depending on the total work situation. Experienced problems with e-mail decreased during the 5-year study period. The time for respondents to reply to a message changed during this period from immediately to in a day or even a week. Respondents accepted not receiving replies to their own messages, but they used strategies to get answers to the most important messages.JCTY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 21 February 06, Source: Scopus 1998B7Leary, M.R. Negel, L. Ansell, E. Evans, K. Springer, C.One hundred sixty-four participants recounted situations in which their feelings had been hurt (victim accounts) or in which they had hurt another person's feelings (perpetrator accounts) and then completed a questionnaire. Hurt feelings were precipitated by events that connoted relational devaluation, and the victims' distress correlated strongly with feelings of rejection. Victims were typically hurt by people whom they knew well, suggesting that familiarity or closeness played a role. Analyses of the subjective experience revealed that hurt feelings are characterized by undifferentiated negative affect that is often accompanied by emotions such as anxiety and hostility. Victims' responses to the event were related to their attributions for the perpetrators' actions, and hurtful episodes typically had negative repercussions for the relationships between perpetrators and victims. Copyright 1998 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.HATY - JOUR Cited By: 28, Export Date: 21 March 06, Source: Scopus*#Mark R. Leary Catherine A. Cottrell 1999ZSEvolution of the Self, the Need to Belong, and Life in a Delayed-Return EnvironmentPsychological Inquiryd1034229-232qpiSeveral lines of theory and research converge on the idea that people are happier and more effective when they receive frequent feedback regarding the consequences of their behavior than when the effects of their behavior are delayed, uncertain, or unclear. Martin (this issue) has made an important contribution in linking this psychological fact with a broad model of motivation couched within an evolutionary framework. We applaud Martin's "big picture" perspective on fundamental questions of human motivation and find ourselves in agreement with many, but not all, of his points. Our commentary focuses on three topics relevant to I-D compensation theory: the role of the self in adaptation to a delayed-return system, Martin's claim that social motives do not affect behavior when immediate-return needs are being met, and modern life in a delayed-return environment.oZThttp://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1047-840X(1999)10%3A3%3C229%3AEOTSTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2~J] 2000ZSWaiting: Integrating social and psychological perspectives in operations management Omega286611-629 2000///gNie, W.0 Waiting time is an important issue in service operations management because of its impact on customer satisfaction and operations capabilities. This paper examines waiting time from a social and psychological perspective. It provides a conceptual framework which identifies social and psychological factors that affect perceptions of waiting. The conceptual framework enables service managers to rethink operational issues, such as layout design, process choices, and service delivery from customers' perceptions of waiting. Assimilation-contrast theory suggests that perceived waiting time be linked to expected waiting time and its gap leads to customers' overall evaluation of service. A customer's willingness to accept delay is related to the causes for delay as explained by attribution theory. Approaching waiting time from a stress management theory, this paper provides service managers with various stress-reduction mechanisms such as giving customers advance notice of expected waiting time, speeding up pre-process waiting time, and acknowledging customers' rights to quick service. These practical suggestions can aid service managers in reducing perceived waiting time, enhancing customers' waiting experience, and improving queue management. 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.~Assimilation-contrast theory Attribution theory Customer satisfaction Perception of waiting Queue management Stress managementF@TY - JOUR Cited By: 3, Export Date: 19 March 06, Source: Scopus Helga Nowotny 1997 Time  Cambridge, UKs  Polity Press Neville Plaice *$The Modern and Postmodern Experience 0745618375This book represents a major contribution to the understanding of time, giving particular attention to time in relation to modernity. The development of industrialism, the author points out, was based upon a linear and abstract conception of time. Today we see that form of production, and the social institutions associated with it, supplanted by flexible specialization and just-in-time production systems. New information and communication technologies have made a fundamental impact here. But what does all this mean for temporal regimes? How can we understand the transformations of time and space involved in the bewildering variety of options on offer in a postmodern world? The author provides an incisive analysis of the temporal implications of modern communications. She considers the implications of worldwide simultaneous experience, made possible by satellite technologies, and considers the reorganization of time involved in the continuous technological innovation that marks our era. In this puzzling universe of action, how does one achieve 'a time of one's own'? The discovery of a specific time perspective centred in the individual, she shows, expresses a yearning for forms of experience that are subversive of established institutional patterns. This brilliant study, which has already become a classic in Germany, will be of interest to students and professionals working in the areas of social theory, sociology, politics and anthropology.0*http://www.frontlist.com/detail/0745618375 2003Is email a reliable means of contacting authors of previously published papers? A study of the Emergency Medical Journal for 2001t Emergency Medicine Journal204e352-353t2003///  O'Leary, F.mB7Teaching on the Web Exploring the Meanings of SilenceultiBASE@9http://ultibase.rmit.edu.au/Articles/online/benfield1.pdf 1998JCUse of an E-mail curbside consultation service by family physicians Journal of Family Practice475357-3601998///>7Bergus, G.R. Sinift, S.D. Randall, C.S. Rosenthal, D.M.e|uBACKGROUND. Informal (curbside) consultations are central to clinical medicine. Typically, these exchanges between health professionals occur face- to-face or by telephone, but both of these methods can be inefficient. We created an electronic mail (E-mail) service for curbside consultations between family physicians and other health care specialists at an academic medical center. METHODS. Family physicians had access to the E-mail Consult Service (ECS) from 20 computers at three office practice sites, one hospital, and their personal offices. Informal consults could be obtained from 26 different consultants at the University of Iowa using standard E-mail. Data on the content of the consults and the use of this service were collected and both family physicians and consultants were questioned about their perceptions of the service. RESULTS. In the 18 months that the service was available, the ECS handled 237 consults. The median response time for a consult by using the service was 16.1 hours. Consultations in the area of adult medicine were the most common, followed by consults in obstetrics and gynecology. Nearly 90% of the consults were about a specific patient, and the majority of the questions were about management issues. Consultants answered 92% of the questions asked by family physicians using the ECS. Family physicians reported that this service was helpful, and most consultants reported that they enjoyed E-mail curbside consults. CONCLUSIONS. E-mail was successfully used for curbside consults. Both the family physicians and consultants found that an E-mail consultation service could be integrated into their practices.D>Computer networks Consultation Electronic mail Family practiceJDTY - JOUR Cited By: 20, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopus! 2003vpThe requirement for prior consent to participate on survey response rates: A population-based survey in Grampian"BMC Health Services Research3 1-102003///uHBAngus, V.C. Entwistle, V.A. Emslie, M.J. Andrew, J.E. Walker, K.A.Background: A survey was carried out in the Grampian region of Scotland with a random sample of 10,000 adults registered with a General Practitioner in Grampian. The study complied with new legislation requiring a two-stage approach to identify and recruit participants, and examined the implications of this for response rates, non-response bias and speed of response. Methods: A two-stage survey was carried out consistent with new confidentiality guidelines. Individuals were contacted by post and asked by the Director of Public Health to consent to receive a postal or electronic questionnaire about communicating their views to the NHS. Those who consented were then sent questionnaires. Response rates at both stages were measured. Results: 25% of people returned signed consent forms and were invited to complete questionnaires. Respondents at the consent stage were more likely to be female (odds ratio (OR) response rate of women compared to men = 1.5, 95% CI 1.4, 1.7), less likely to live in deprived postal areas (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.45, 0.78) and more likely to be older (OR for people born in 1930-39 compared to people born in 1970-79 = 2.82, 95% CI 2.36, 3.37). 80% of people who were invited to complete questionnaires returned them. Response rates were higher among older age groups. The overall response rate to the survey was 20%, relative to the original number approached for consent (1951/10000). Conclusion: The requirement of a separate, prior consent stage may significantly reduce overall survey response rates and necessitate the use of substantially larger initial samples for population surveys. It may also exacerbate non-response bias with respect to demographic variables.JCTY - JOUR Cited By: 2, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopuspjoz 2004pjSpeech act profiling: A probabilistic method for analyzing persistent conversations and their participantsLEProceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciencess37 1713-1722e2004///l*#Twitchell, D.P. Nunamaker Jr., J.F.eThe increase in persistent conversations in the form of chat and instant messaging (IM) has presented new opportunities for researchers. This paper describes a method for evaluating and visualizing persistent conversations by creating a speech act profile for conversation participants using speech act theory and concepts from fuzzy logic. This method can be used either to score a participant based on possible intentions or to create a visual map of those intentions. Transcripts from the Switchboard corpus, which have been marked up with speech act labels according to a SWBD-DAMSL tag set of 42 tags, are used to train language models and a modified hidden Markov model (HMM) to obtain probabilities for each speech act type for a given sentence. Rather than choosing the speech act with the maximum probability and assigning it to the sentence, the probabilities are aggregated for each conversation participant creating a set of speech act profiles, which can be visualized as a radar graphs. Several example profiles are shown along with possible interpretations. The profiles can be used as an overall picture of a conversation, and may be useful in various analyses of persistent conversations including information retrieval, deception detection, and online technical support monitoring.DHBTY - CONF Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus 2005d]Detecting deception in synchronous computer-mediated communication using speech act profiling(!Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3495471-4782005///sNHTwitchell, D.P. Forsgren, N. Wiers, K. Burgoon, J.K. Nunamaker Jr., J.F.Detecting deception is a complicated endeavor. Previous attempts at deception detection in computer-mediated communication have met with some success. This study shows how speech act profiling [1] can be used to aid deception detection in synchronous computer-mediated communication (S-CMC). Chat logs from an online group game where deception was introduced were subjected to speech act profiling analysis. The results provide some support to previous research showing greater uncertainty in deceptive S-CMC. Also shown is that deceivers in the specific task tend to engage in less strategizing than non-deceivers. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.cHBTY - CONF Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: ScopusR\6O OEDt 1989 "silence, n" Oxford Oxford University Press4 2004 July 18, 2004 2nd2,http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/00224758 2000Distance matters Human-Computer Interaction15 2-3139-1782000///DOlson, G.M. Olson, J.S.r`YGiant strides in information technology at the turn of the century may have unleashed unreachable goals. With the invention of groupware, people expect to communicate easily with each other and accomplish difficult work even though they are remotely located or rarely overlap in time. Major corporations launch global teams, expecting that technology will make 'virtual collocation' possible. Federal research money encourages global science through the establishment of 'collaboratories'. We review over 10 years of field and laboratory investigations of collocated and noncollocated synchronous group collaborations. In particular, we compare collocated work with remote work as it is possible today and comment on the promise of remote work tomorrow. We focus on the sociotechnical conditions required for effective distance work and bring together the results with four key concepts: common ground, coupling of work, collaboration readiness, and collaboration technology readiness. Groups with high common ground and loosely coupled work, with readiness both for collaboration and collaboration technology, have a chance at succeeding with remote work. Deviations from each of these create strain on the relationships among teammates and require changes in the work or processes of collaboration to succeed. Often they do not succeed because distance still matters.HATY - JOUR Cited By: 80, Export Date: 19 March 06, Source: ScopusrClaudia Orthmann 2000LEAnalysing the Communication in Chat RoomsProblems of Data Collections"Qualitative Social Research-13iIn the ongoing research project "Process analysis of the communication of children and adolescents in the Internet" several approaches to data collection have been tested. This paper addresses the problems of data collection in qualitative chat research of minor chatters, which we experienced during the course of the project. The anonymity in the Internet in relation to the age restriction of the research project to chatters between 10 and 17 years of age was one of the aspects which caused problems in collecting the data. Another problem lay in the technical conditions of the chat systems themselves. Depending on the possibilities of the automatic generation of log-files, methods of data collection varied (from experimental settings to non-reactive settings) since the project intended to analyse natural chat conversation. This contribution presents three empirical approaches to data collection and their implications for the research project.LEhttp://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/3-00/3-00orthmann-e.htmy 1999@9The masquerade: Gender, identity, and writing for the web  Computers and Compositions161w141-151 1999/// "Pagnucci, G.S. Mauriello, N.This article explores the nature of gender in cyberspace by reporting a case study of two classes that used online posting of student papers to facilitate peer response critiquing. When posting their papers, students could use their real identities or pseudonyms. In the study, we track online responses, breaking them down by gender and identity. The diversity of pseudonyms chosen, the way those choices impacted students' writing, and the types of responses generated by both pseudonyms and real names are examined. The nature of the pseudonym selection process and its implications for Web-based writing are also considered. This investigation sheds light on a number of important Internet writing issues. First, it reveals how some students feel disempowered by their own gender, in particular how many women may feel that choosing a male pseudonym is necessary for credibility. Second, it sheds light on the readers' responses to particular identities. Finally, we consider the significance of gender choices in terms of classroom conflict.d^Composition Gender Identity Internet Pedagogy Peer response revision Technology World Wide WebJCTY - JOUR Cited By: 4, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: ScopusV^DHAE-mail versus conventional postal mail survey of geriatric chiefs Gerontologist416799-8042001///PIRaziano, D.B. Jayadevappa, R. Valenzula, D. Weiner, M. Lavizzo-Mourey, R. tmPurpose: This study compared the response time, response rate, and cost of two types of survey administration techniques: e-mail/web-based versus conventional postal mail. The main aim of the survey was to collect descriptive information on the existence of Acute Care for Elders un 2000B;Conversation Space: Visualizing multi-threaded conversationS@9Proceedings of the Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces246-249a2000///6/Popolov, Dimitri Callaghan, Michael Luker, PaulaThis paper explicates the metaphors used to conceive of asynchronous text-based communication (ATBC) software, such as email and newsgroups. Design of such software has been guided by an understanding of ATBC as essentially a text communication (textual metaphor). However, this mode of discourse has many similarities with oral communication as well. The interaction of oral and textual aspects in ATBC gives rise to a phenomenon of multithreaded discourse, where several discourse threads develop simultaneously, which is a unique property of this medium. Our main tenet here is that application of textual metaphor has narrowed the scope of possible designs. We propose a design approach, which explicitly promotes the metaphor of oral communication (conversation) and oral traits of ATBC discourse, while also supporting the multithreaded discourse structure. The consequent interface design challenge is that of creating a way to visualize human conversation that would preserve the spontaneity of oral conversation whilst also utilizing the persistent nature of text. This goal has been accomplished by spatial representation of multi-threaded discourse in a shared workspace. Based on this proposed way of visualization, a prototype tool called `Conversation Space' (ConverSpace) has been created.F@TY - JOUR Cited By: 2, Export Date: 19 March 06, Source: Scopus 2005NHE-mail subject lines and their effect on web survey viewing and response$Social Science Computer Review233380-387w2005///d"Porter, S.R. Whitcomb, M.E.hhaThis article investigates the effect of e-mail subject lines on survey viewing and survey response. Using two samples of students (low involvement with the survey sponsor and high involvement with the survey sponsor), the authors tested a variety of combinations of subject lines: the reason for the e-mail contact (survey), the sponsor of the e-mail (Liberal Arts University), a plea for help (request for assistance), and a blank subject line. The authors found a modest effect of subject line for the low-involvement sample, with blank subject lines yielding the highest response. 2005 Sage Publications.>7E-mail contact Research methodology Subject line SurveyF@TY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 19 March 06, Source: ScopusXH}6 2005\VDeterminants of response to customer e-mail enquiries to hotels: Evidence from AustriaTourism Management262:249-259e2005///e6/Matzler, K. Pechlaner, H. Abfalter, D. Wolf, M.aThe hotels' efficient use of the Internet becomes increasingly important. Proper reaction to online inquiries influences both booking behaviour and guest satisfaction. The objectives of the survey presented in this paper are to empirically test response behaviour to Internet enquiries and to analyse the role of size, classification (star rating) and location of the hotels. In particular, response rate, response time and information quality of answers (information depth) were studied. Significant differences were identified for all of the variables. It was also found that response behaviour is better off-season than during high season. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.60E-mail Internet Mystery guest Response behaviourJCTY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopus 2003NHSpiral of moderation: Opinion expression in computer-mediated discussion60International Journal of Public Opinion Research154454-4702003///2+McDevitt, M. Kiousis, S. Wahl-Jorgensen, K.HBTY - JOUR Cited By: 1, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: ScopusM L McLaughlin M J Codyt 1982\UAwkward Silences: Behavioral Antecedents and Consequences of the Conversational Lapset"Human Communication Research81f299-316* 2003F?Comparison of e-mail, fax, and postal surveys of pediatricians.n Pediatrics 111f 4 Pt 12003///pnhMcMahon, S.R. Iwamoto, M. Massoudi, M.S. Yusuf, H.R. Stevenson, J.M. David, F. Chu, S.Y. Pickering, L.K.OBJECTIVES: To compare 3 communication modes (postal, fax, and e-mail) in a rotavirus vaccine physician survey. METHODS: We used 3 communication modes to distribute a survey to physicians listed in the membership directory of the Georgia Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The directory listed 1391 members; however, 404 were deemed ineligible on the basis of their listing as a specialist, retiree, resident in training, or government public health employee. Of the 987 members expected to administer vaccines, 150 were selected randomly to receive the postal survey (postal group). Of the remaining listings, 488 (58%) of 837 listed a fax number; 150 members were selected randomly and faxed a survey (fax group). Of the remaining members, 266 (39%) of 687 had e-mail addresses listed; 150 members were selected randomly for the e-mail survey (e-mail group). A follow-up survey was sent by the same mode at 2 weeks. A final survey was sent via another mode (mixed mode) at 1 month: by fax to e-mail and postal nonresponders and by post to fax nonresponders and those without fax. RESULTS: Eligible respondents in the 3 survey groups were similar in their practice setting and location. Although the e-mail group had fewer median years (8 years) since medical school graduation than the fax group (19 years) and postal group (17 years), a similar percentage of responders in all groups had computers (>85%) and Internet access (> or =70%) at work. However, only 39% of members listed an e-mail address in the directory. In the 2 weeks after the first mailing, 39 surveys were completed via postal mail, 50 via fax, and 16 via e-mail. In the 2 weeks after the second contact (sent at 2 weeks), 20 surveys were completed via postal mail, 15 via fax, and 17 via e-mail. The response rate after the first 2 mailings was 41% (59 of 143) for postal, 47% (65 of 137) for fax, and 26% (33 of 125) for e-mail surveys. The third and final survey (sent 1 month after the first mailing) was sent by a different (ie, mixed) mode and elicited an additional 73 responses: 19 responses (15 postal, 4 fax) from the postal group, 19 responses (18 postal, 1 fax) from the fax group, and 35 responses (15 postal, 13 fax, 7 e-mail) from the e-mail group. Twenty-three percent (9 of 40) of the e-mail and 18% (15 of 83) of the fax surveys completed were returned on the same or subsequent day they were sent, compared with none of the postal surveys. There were significant differences among the 3 groups for invalid addresses/numbers (4% postal, 8% fax, and 16% e-mail) listed in the directory. Using mixed modes as the third contact, the overall response rate increased from 39% before mixed mode to a final of 53%. On the basis of the 3 initial groups, responses to 1 of 12 rotavirus questions differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Future use of e-mail surveys in selected circumstances is promising, because the majority of providers have Internet access and acknowledged interest in participating in e-mail surveys. E-mail surveys could be especially useful if rapid response time is necessary. There were fewer incomplete questions by participants who completed the e-mail survey compared with postal or fax participants. Updating membership e-mail addresses and routinely using e-mail as a communication tool should improve the ability to use e-mail surveys. There may need to be ongoing evaluations that critically evaluate providers' responses to e-mail surveys compared with other survey modes before e-mail surveys can become a standard survey tool. In the meantime, mixed-mode surveys may be an option.JDTY - JOUR Cited By: 11, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopus<RSteven R Aragons 20036/Creating social presence in online environmentsp81New Directions for Adult and Continuing Educationt 2003 100v 57-68 81New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 1536-071710.1002/ace.119Recent literature has shown that social presence is one of the most significant factors in improvinginstructional effectiveness and building a sense of community. This chapter examines strategies for creating socialpresence within online environments.(!http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.119\'VPDepartment of Human Resource Education, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 2004f_Organizational Members' Communication and Temporal Experience: Scale Development and ValidationCommunication Research312135-1722004/// "Ballard, D.I. Seibold, D.R.,This article reports the findings of scale development and validation efforts centered on 10 dimensions of organizational members' temporal experience identified in previous research. Consistent with a community-of-practice perspective, 395 members of five organizational units indicated their agreement with a series of statements regarding the day-to-day words and phrases they use to describe their activities, work-related events, and general timing needs. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the hypothesized enactments of time and construals of time. Organizational members' enactments of time included dimensions relating to flexibility, linearity, pace, precision, scheduling, and separation, and their construals of time included dimensions concerning scarcity, urgency, present time perspective, and future time perspective. A new dimension, delay, was found. Implications for pluri-temporalism in organizations and the study of time in communication are discussed.<6Chronemics Groups Organizations Scale Temporality TimeJCTY - JOUR Cited By: 1, Export Date: 13 February 06, Source: Scopus 1998JCLetters by phone or speech by other means: The linguistics of emailc Language and Communication182133-1701998/// Baron, N.S.>7Computer mediated communication Language change WritingJDTY - JOUR Cited By: 23, Export Date: 13 February 06, Source: Scopusk2vEviatar Zerubavele 1985Hidden Rhythms $University of California Press 224n 0520056094 2002ZTTrust without touch: Jumpstarting long-distance trust with initial social activitiesD>Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings4h1u141-146i2002///<5Zheng, J. Veinott, E. Bos, N. Olson, J.S. Olson, G.M.u*$Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is thought to be inadequate when one needs to establish trust. If, however, people meet before using CMC, they trust each other, trust being established through touch. Here we show that if participants do not meet beforehand but rather engage in various getting-acquainted activities over a network, trust is much higher than if they do nothing beforehand, nearly as good as a prior meeting. Using text-chat to get acquainted is nearly as good as meeting, and even just seeing a picture is better than nothing.>8CMC Communication media Cooperation CSCW Text chat TrustF@TY - CONF Cited By: 4, Export Date: 21 March 06, Source: Scopus 2005LEAn empirical investigation of deception behavior in instant messaging6/IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication-482147-160s2005///dZhou, L.Various disciplines have extensively studied deception in human communication. With the increasing use of instant messaging (IM) for both informal communication and task performance in the work place, deception in IM is emerging as an important issue. In this study, we explored the behavioral indicators of deception in a group IM setting. The empirical results showed that three types of nonverbal behaviors and three types of verbal behaviors that were investigated could significantly differentiate deceivers from truth tellers. The findings potentially can broaden our knowledge of deception behavior in human communication and improve deception awareness and deception detection in the cyberspace. 2005 IEEE.PIComputer mediated communication Deception behavior Instant messaging (IM)LHBTY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopuss. In this study we conduct an analysis of the characteristics of three survey response modes: post, e-mail, and Web site. Data are from a survey of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW), in which science writers' professional use of e-mail and the Web is evaluated. Our analysis offers two lessons. First, a caution. We detecta number of potentially important differences in the response characteristics of these three groups. Researchers using multi-mode survey techniques should keep in mind that sutable effects might be at play in their analyses. Second, an encouragement. We do not observe significant influences of survey mode in our substantive analyses. We fell at least in this case, that the differences in the response groups indicate that using mulimode survey tehniques improved the representiveness of the sample without blasing other results.tJDTY - JOUR Cited By: 15, Export Date: 20 November 05, Source: Scopus 2004How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence0)Journal of Experimental Social Psychologyn404s560-567 2004/// .'Zadro, L. Richardson, R. Williams, K.D.p.(Previous research has demonstrated self-reports of lower levels of four fundamental needs as a result of short periods of face-to-face ostracism, as well as short periods of Internet ostracism (Cyberball), even when the ostracizing others are unseen, unknown, and not-to-be met. In an attempt to reduce the ostracism experience to a level that would no longer be aversive, we (in Study 1) convinced participants that they were playing Cyberball against a computer, yet still found comparable negative impact compared to when the participants thought they were being ostracized by real others. In Study 2, we took this a step further, and additionally manipulated whether the participants were told the computer or humans were scripted (or told) what to do in the game. Once again, even after removing all remnants of sinister attributions, ostracism was similarly aversive. We interpret these results as strong evidence for a very primitive and automatic adaptive sensitivity to even the slightest hint of social exclusion. 2004 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.HBTY - JOUR Cited By: 4, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: ScopusEviatar Zerubavele 1985Hidden Rhythms $University of California Press 224n 0520056094 2005LEAn empirical investigation of deception behavior in instant messaging6/IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication-482147-160s2005///dZhou, L.Various disciplines have extensively studied deception in human communication. With the increasing use of instant messaging (IM) for both informal communication and task performance in the work place, deception in IM is emerging as an important issue. In this study, we explored the behavioral indicators of deception in a group IM setting. The empirical results showed that three types of nonverbal behaviors and three types of verbal behaviors that were investigated could significantly differentiate deceivers from truth tellers. The findings potentially can broaden our knowledge of deception behavior in human communication and improve deception awareness and deception detection in the cyberspace. 2005 IEEE.PIComputer mediated communication Deception behavior Instant messaging (IM)LHBTY - JOUR Cited By: 0, Export Date: 4 December 05, Source: Scopus: 2004LEAn Internet-based survey method for college student drinking research"Drug and Alcohol Dependence761 45-532004///4-Kypri, K. Gallagher, S.J. Cashell-Smith, M.L.eThe purpose of this study was to describe and assess the utility of an Internet-based survey method for characterizing the alcohol consumption of college students. After extensive pilot research, a random sample of 1910 students aged 16-29 years was invited to complete a questionnaire, consisting o